Abstract
Nitrogen and cerium codoped TiO 2 photocatalysts were prepared by a modified sol–gel process with doping precursors of cerium nitrate and urea, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and ultraviolet–visible light diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS). Results indicate that anatase TiO 2 is the dominant crystalline type in as-prepared samples, and CeO 2 crystallites appear as the doping ratio of Ce/Ti reaches to 3.0 at%. The TiO 2 starts to transform from amorphous phase to anatase at 987.1 K during calcination, according to the TG–DSC curves. The XPS show that three major metal ions of Ce 3+, Ce 4+, Ti 4+ and one minor metal ion of Ti 3+ coexist on the surface. The codoped TiO 2 exhibits significant absorption within the range of 400–500 nm compared to the non-doped and only nitrogen-doped TiO 2. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the codoped TiO 2 is demonstrated through degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation.
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