Abstract
Ultrastable Y (USY) zeolites were prepared by two methods A and B and were further dealuminated by successive stabilization and hydrochloric acid treatment. The nickel-deposited samples were simulated by a method of impregnation with nickel naphthenate benzene solution followed by calcination or steam treatment. Characterization of the nickel-containing USY samples was carried out by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance. X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectroscopy, pure hydrocarbon cracking and catalytic titration techniques. It was found that the nickel is enriched on the external surface layer of the zeolite crystallite. The presence of non-framework metallic cations in the zeolite prevents the migration of nickel from the external surface of the zeolite crystals into their internal surface. The catalytic cracking performance of nickel-deposited USY zeolite was correlated with a preparation method of USY zeolite and the nickel distribution on USY zeolite.
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