Abstract
A method has been developed for distinguishing a refracted wave that has been returned to the surface by a positive velocity gradient (direct wave) from a refracted wave that is bound to an interface and constantly radiates energy to the surface of the lower-velocity medium (head wave). The analysis is based on the fact that according to theory the particle velocity of the head wave is proportional to the integral of the particle velocity of the direct wave. Two criteria are given for discrimination between the refracted arrivals. One involves the ratio of frequencies and the other the ratio of the amplitudes of the two waveforms. The frequency-ratio criterion appears to be the more reliable. Examples of classification of the wave types and implications of the interpretation are given.
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