Characteristics, behavioral patterns and China's strategy for Internet capital in a global perspective

General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on common prosperity inherits and develops the Marxist concept of common prosperity, summarizes the exploration and experiences of the Chinese Communist Party, and draws from the essence of China's excellent traditional culture. The concept is rich in content, emphasizing that common prosperity is a dual process of material and spiritual advancement for all people, a gradual prosperity from the local to the national level. It is an essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics, an important feature of Chinese-style modernization, and a guarantee for social harmony and stability. Achieving common prosperity requires the creation of a "dual prosperity" system, optimization of the distribution structure, and promotion of regional coordination. As a demonstration zone, Zhejiang has leveraged its economic, policy, cultural, and governance advantages. Through the development of new productive forces, optimization of industrial structures, reduction of the "three major gaps," and improvement of public services, Zhejiang has enriched the theory of common prosperity and demonstrated the advantages of the system, offering valuable experiences for the whole country.

This study investigates the impact of digital economy development on the formation of new productive forces in Guangdong Province. Utilizing key indicators such as GDP, education, and technology data, the research employs data cleaning and spline interpolation for preprocessing. Hypotheses P1 through P4 were proposed based on literature and regional policies. An evaluation system for new productive forces was established using the entropy weight method. Empirical analysis via STATA software confirmed a significant positive effect of the digital economy on new productive forces, supporting hypothesis P1. Mechanisms including technological breakthroughs, human capital, and industrial transformation were validated, confirming hypotheses P2, P3, and P4. The study highlights the spatial agglomeration effect between digital economy and new productive forces, suggesting mutual enhancement and significant spillover effects across regions.

Under the background of new productive forces, the integration of industry and education in vocational colleges faces unprecedented opportunities and challenges. New productive forces, driven by digitalization, intelligence, and innovation, promote the deep integration of industry and education, especially in the context of technological innovation and industrial transformation, where the demand for high-quality technical and skilled talents is becoming increasingly urgent. This paper explores the driving role of new productive forces in the platform construction of industry-education integration communities in vocational colleges, analyzes the theoretical framework and model of platform construction, proposes strategies for building interactive platforms between industries and vocational colleges, resource sharing, and complementary advantages, and discusses the supporting role of policy guarantees and mechanism innovations in platform construction. The study shows that platform construction can not only optimize the allocation of educational resources but also achieve precise alignment between educational and industrial demands, providing strong support for the cultivation of technical and skilled talents that meet the requirements of new productive forces.

The article substantiates the paramount role of the country's productive forces in realizing the potential of social production, which is determined by people's productive experience, their diligence, activity and ability to work. The indicators of the level of development of the productive forces of Ukraine over the past 20 years are considered. It is emphasized that the development of the productive forces of Ukraine, first of all, is constrained by low indicators of activity of the fuel and energy complex. According to official statistics in Ukraine, there is a decline in production of all the most important energy resources. The fuel and energy complex is the most powerful interindustry complex, from the development of which the dynamics, scales and technical and economic indicators of production largely depend. The article examines the dynamics of the number of enterprises in Ukraine and emphasizes the destabilizing role of their reduction, as well as the weak policy of import substitution in the development of Ukraine's productive forces. Negative dynamics of sport of goods, which is celebrated in recent years, also acts as a deterrent to the development of the productive forces of Ukraine. The necessity of preserving the transit potential of Ukraine as a guarantor of the development of the productive forces is actualized in the article. However, the transit potential of Ukraine is currently used less than half. The work stresses the problem of protracted demographic crisis. The modern demographic crisis is characterized by a huge quantitative decrease in the population against the background of a significant deterioration in its health, a decline in the quality indicators of intellectual development. One of the main reasons for the lack of positive trends in the development of Ukraine's productive forces is the lack of a strategy for the development of productive forces in the context of Ukraine's overall development strategy. It is summarized that the development of the productive forces of Ukraine is characterized by the absence of positive facts and trends. It is necessary to develop practical recommendations on the way out of the protracted critical state.

In the current tide of technological revolution and industrial transformation, digitalization and greening have surfaced as two prominent trends, serving as the inherent requisites and impelling forces of new productive forces. Augmenting carbon emission efficiency is a crucial pathway for attaining green development. Digital inclusive finance, as an innovative financial paradigm, is a significant determinant influencing carbon emission efficiency and the progression of green development. By harnessing panel data from 108 cities within the Yangtze River Economic Belt spanning from 2011 to 2021, this study deploys the super-efficiency SBM model to gauge carbon emission efficiency. Additionally, it employs fixed effects and mediating mechanism models to empirically scrutinize the impact of digital inclusive finance on carbon emission efficiency within urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The study further probes its spatial effects through a spatial Durbin model. The research findings disclose that digital inclusive finance can substantially augment carbon emission efficiency in regional cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, manifesting notable regional correlations. This enhancement is accomplished by propelling industrial structure upgrades and augmenting scientific and technological capabilities. To enhance carbon emission efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, efforts should be centered around advancing digital inclusive finance, expediting industrial structural transformation, and fortifying scientific and technological development.

Purpose China has established a supersized market as a cornerstone of its long-term development strategy. To accelerate the cultivation of new quality productive forces (NQPFs) driven by innovation and digital transformation, it is essential to fully leverage the advantages of this large-scale market, thereby facilitating high-quality, sustainable economic growth. This paper investigates the synergistic interaction between market scale and technological innovation as a dual-wheel drive mechanism for developing NQPFs. It aims to propose a practical pathway and framework for its implementation. Design/methodology/approach This paper systematically examines the interactive relationship between market scale and technological innovation from theoretical, historical and practical perspectives. It subsequently analyzes the new characteristics of market scale and technological innovation and their interplay in the digital era, proposing a practical pathway to accelerate the development of NQPFs by leveraging the advantages of the supersized Chinese market. Findings The digital era has disrupted traditional national market protectionism and intensified the “winner-takes-all” dynamic in technological innovation competition. The mutually reinforcing relationship between market scale and technological innovation has become more profound. In response, China should prioritize targeted issues and implement comprehensive governance across three dimensions: technological breakthroughs, industrial transformation and factor allocation governance, thereby fully utilizing its supersized market advantage to accelerate the development of NQPFs. Originality/value This paper contributes by proposing a novel, tripartite governance framework, encompassing technological breakthroughs, industrial transformation and factor governance, to address specific challenges arising in the digital era. This framework provides a significant practical reference for China to leverage its supersized market advantage in accelerating the development of NQPFs through reform practices.

Green and low-carbon development is the direction of the current technological revolution and industrial transformation, while China is still in the historical stage of deep industrialization and has yet to completely break away from the high-input, high-consumption, and high-emission development method, and is still facing serious challenges in terms of improving the efficiency of resource utilization and reducing pollution emissions. To effectively promote China’s industrial green transformation, it is necessary to accurately grasp its development connotations and scientifically realize the measurement of industrial green transformation. Therefore, this paper measures the efficiency of China’s industrial green transformation, based on the directional distance function and the Global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) index, to portray its distribution dynamics, regional differences and further identify its growth drivers. The results found that the overall efficiency of China’s industrial green transformation has been steadily increasing, and that the regional pattern is characterized by northwestern, northeastern, central, eastern and southwestern regions, in that order. The Markov chain estimates show that industrial green transformation efficiency is most likely to remain in its original state, with probabilities of 88.31%, 63.54%, 42.86%, and 75.61% for low, medium-low, medium-high, and high levels respectively, but also has a jump shift characteristic, with a certain possibility of falling back from the high-efficiency state to the low state. Dagum Gini coefficient estimation results show that differences between groups in the five major regions are the main source of the widening differences in the overall industrial green transformation, with the contribution remaining at around 60%. Further research suggests that economic growth, technological progress, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment (FDI) may lead to a widening of the efficiency gap in industrial green transformation, while the industrial structure and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) help to reduce spatial differences to some extent. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes some countermeasures to promote the overall improvement and coordinated development of China’s industrial green transformation.

In the context of high-quality economic development, new productive forces have become a key force driving industrial upgrading and economic growth. The impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on the development of new productive forces in listed companies has attracted significant attention. This paper uses M&A events of A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2023 as a sample, employing the text dictionary method to construct a dictionary of new productive forces, assessing the level of new productive forces in enterprises, and using the multi-period difference-in-differences method to investigate the impact of M&A on their development. The study finds that M&A significantly enhances the level of new productive forces in enterprises, with more pronounced positive effects on larger companies and those that have merged two roles into one, while having a negative effect on older companies with concentrated equity. Further heterogeneity tests show that M&A has a more significant promoting effect on new productive forces in state-owned enterprises, high-tech industry companies, and regions with well-developed factor markets. Mechanism analysis confirms that M&A promotes the development of new productive forces by enhancing human capital levels and R&D intensity. The study provides reference for corporate strategic decision-making and government policy formulation. Based on the above research, this paper recommends precise targeting of M&A to enhance new productive forces; formulating differentiated policies to support M&A upgrades; expanding research dimensions to delve deeper into the mechanisms of M&A impacts, thereby improving the service efficiency of M&A for new productive force enterprises.

As a pivotal pillar of the national economy, the construction industry plays a crucial role in promoting urbanization and providing employment opportunities in China's social development. The development of new productive forces has further provided a solid theoretical foundation for the high-quality development of China's construction industry, infusing new momentum into the direction of its development. By employing grounded theory to study the relevant development modes issued by provinces and municipalities across China and the technological advancements of leading construction enterprises, coupled with a comparative analysis of the development of the construction industry in other countries, this study reveals that the core of new productive forces driving the high-quality development of China's construction industry lies in leaders formulating development modes to guide the direction of industry development, and enterprises accelerating upgrades to promote innovative technological development. Practice has proven that new productive forces will follow three main lines: leader-led cooperation with enterprises as deputies, industry transformation and upgrading to improve overall project construction efficiency, driving the development of related industries to promote economic growth, and establishing industry standards to ensure project quality and avoid uneven quality, thereby enhancing industry credibility, and attaching importance to enterprise research and development and innovation to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement, promoting the green and sustainable development of the construction industry. These three main lines, together with the two technological support lines of intelligent construction and prefabricated construction, jointly build a solid foundation for the high-quality development of China's construction industry in the future.

Force-length (F-L) and force-velocity (F-V) properties characterize skeletal muscle’s intrinsic properties under controlled conditions, and it is thought that these properties can inform and predict in vivo muscle function. Here, we map dynamic in vivo operating range and mechanical function during walking and running, to the measured in situ F-L and F-V characteristics of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) lateral gastrocnemius (LG), a primary ankle extensor. We use in vivo patterns of muscle tendon force, fascicle length, and activation to test the hypothesis that muscle fascicles operate at optimal lengths and velocities to maximize force or power production during walking and running. Our findings only partly support our hypothesis: in vivo LG velocities are consistent with optimizing power during work production, and economy of force at higher loads. However, LG does not operate at lengths on the force plateau (±5% Fmax) during force production. LG length was near L0 at the time of EMG onset but shortened rapidly such that force development during stance occurred almost entirely on the ascending limb of the F-L curve, at shorter than optimal lengths. These data suggest that muscle fascicles shorten across optimal lengths in late swing, to optimize the potential for rapid force development near the swing-stance transition. This may provide resistance against unexpected perturbations that require rapid force development at foot contact. We also found evidence of passive force rise (in absence of EMG activity) in late swing, at lengths where passive force is zero in situ, suggesting that dynamic history dependent and viscoelastic effects may contribute to in vivo force development. Direct comparison of in vivo work loops and physiological operating ranges to traditional measures of F-L and F-V properties suggests the need for new approaches to characterize dynamic muscle properties in controlled conditions that more closely resemble in vivo dynamics.

In the grand historical process of comprehensively promoting Chinese modernization, the modernization of rural governance serves not only as a crucial cornerstone of the national governance system and governance capacity modernization but also as a key support for realizing the rural revitalization strategy. Currently, with the deepening development of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, New Quality Productive Forces (NQPF)—characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality—are profoundly reshaping traditional modes of production and social structures. This paper aims to construct a theoretical analysis framework based on the three-dimensional synergy of technology-industry-institution to deeply analyze the internal mechanism by which NQPF drives the modernization of rural governance. The paper first reviews the evolution of productivity theory, pointing out that NQPF overcomes the dilemmas of information asymmetry, resource fragmentation, and subject atomization in traditional rural governance through the three dimensions of technological penetration, industrial upgrading, and institutional reshaping. Subsequently, based on panel data from 38 districts and counties in Chongqing, China (2021-2023) and in-depth field research cases, this paper empirically tests the governance effectiveness of NQPF using fixed effects models, mediation effect models, and heterogeneity analysis methods. The study finds that: first, NQPF significantly improves rural governance efficiency, and this conclusion remains valid after various robustness tests; second, the degree of information openness and the degree of multi-subject synergy are key mediating mechanisms; third, there is significant heterogeneity between the main urban metropolitan area and the mountainous areas of northeast/southeast Chongqing, where differences in industrial foundation and digital infrastructure determine the boundaries of the enabling effect. This study not only enriches the micro-application of Marxist productivity theory in the digital age but also provides empirical evidence and policy implications for various regions to utilize NQPF to solve governance problems according to local conditions.

This paper studies the interactive development of new quality productive forces and design, as well as its philosophical connotations. The new quality productivity is the quality of advanced productivity with the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and design is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary discipline. The interactive development of the two is reflected in the fact that design plays an important role in the formation of new quality productive forces, and design also realizes high-quality innovation and creation with the help of new quality productive forces. Its philosophical connotations include following the basic principles of Marxist philosophy, such as historical materialism, dialectics, and practical theory, emphasizing the interaction between productive forces and production relations, social existence and social consciousness, as well as philosophical viewpoints such as people-oriented and harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The interactive development of new quality productive forces and design will bring opportunities such as industrial optimization, enterprise transformation and upgrading, product digitalization and digital productization, which will promote the high-quality growth and development of the market economy and meet the needs of the people for a better life.

Since reform and opening up, China’s economic relations have undergone significant changes, in which the changes of various relations in the production process play a decisive role in the changes of economic relations. Therefore, combing the realistic evolution path of China’s relations of production in the past 40 years and refining the internal theoretical mechanism of its evolution are of great significance for summing up the 40 years’ experience of reform and opening up. Based on the basic law that productive forces determine production relations and production relations react to the productive forces, this paper holds that it is necessary to study the realistic path and internal logic of the evolution of production relations from the perspective of the mode of production and in the dynamic interaction between productive forces and production relations. On the one hand, this paper divides the realistic evolution of the mode of production in the past 40 years of reform and opening up into three stages according to interaction between productive forces and production relations. Firstly, the exploratory period of the quantitative mode of production （1978-1997）, during which the reform of production relations and the development of productive forces in China have promoted the planned mode of production” into the quantitative mode of production”. Secondly, during the deepening period of the quantitative production mode （1998-2012）, the development of productive forces and production relations jointly promoted the continuous development and stability of the quantitative production mode in China. Thirdly, during the exploration period of the quality production mode （from 2013 to the present）, China’s quality-based production mode is actively formed and promoted. However, in this period the role of productive forces still needs to be further stimulated, and the synergy between productive forces and production relations has not been fully established yet. On the other hand, this paper sums up the theoretical mechanism of the evolution of China’s relations of production by fully combining Marxist classical logic with the practice of China’s reform in the field of production. Namely, the dynamic adaptation between productive forces and production relations is the logical main line; people-centered” is the internal axis; the government control is the macro-guarantee of the evolution of China’s production relations. And these key elements interact with each other to promote the evolution and development of China’s production relations. The above theoretical mechanism is actually the summary and refinement of the practice of the reform of production relations since reform and opening up, and also a valuable experience in the process of socialist market economy construction in China.

Amid the global wave of scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations, new productive forces, driven by innovation, have become the new engine of economic development, providing new opportunities for the development of Marxist political economy. This study focuses on the innovative contributions of new productive forces to Marxist political economy, delving into their impact on theories of productive elements, production relations, and economic growth. By expanding the scope of labor skills, transforming the nature of labor materials, and enriching the diversity of labor objects, new productive forces transcend the boundaries of traditional productive element theory. In terms of production relations, they drive changes in organizational forms, adjust distribution mechanisms, and reshape exchange and consumption models. At the economic growth level, they reconstruct growth dynamics, optimize economic structures, and promote sustainability. These innovations enrich the theoretical content of Marxist political economy and strengthen its integration with practical realities, providing a solid theoretical foundation for economic development in the new era.

Common prosperity refers to the general prosperity achieved by all people through hard work and mutual assistance to achieve a standard of living that is abundant in clothing and food, which is based on eliminating polarization and poverty. It is one of the important contents of Deng Xiaoping's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Common" represents production relations, "prosperity" represents productivity, and "common prosperity" is a narrative of production and production relations; It is neither production-oriented nor based on the goal of distribution results. The coordination between productive forces and production relations should include the co-creation of achievements, comprehensiveness of scope, and asymptotic development in the concept of common prosperity. The education of ideological and political education courses in universities is an important way to cultivate the literacy of college students and an important channel to promote the spirit of the concept of common prosperity. Integrating the idea of common prosperity into ideological and political education in universities, on the one hand, leads college students to cultivate a strong sense of patriotism, guides them to listen to and follow the Party, and strengthens their confidence in the system and values; On the other hand, it can enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses and unleash the inherent value of ideological and political education in the classroom. Faced with the long-term monotony and limited effectiveness of ideological and political courses in universities, college students have gradually become alienated from their understanding of them as "credit-based courses". It is necessary to not only give new vitality to the content and form of ideological and political courses for college students, but also promote the smooth integration of the concept of common prosperity through innovative channels, full interaction between teachers and students, and play a role in leading the true effect of value.