Abstract

Four anti-complementary polysaccharides, GL-PI-GL-PIV, isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer showed anti-complementary activities in the sequence. GL-PI had the highest molecular weight, 50,000 by h.p.l.c. (0.2 m sodium chloride). GL-PI and GL-PII consisted mainly of Rha, Gal, and GalA, and GL-PIII contained Fuc in addition, whereas GL-PIV consisted mainly of Gal, Glc, and GalA. The 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra of GL-PII indicated the Gal, Rha, and GalA to be β, α, and α, respectively. GL-PI and GL-PII contained mainly (1→2)-linked Rha p and (1→4)-linked GalA. GL-PII contained, in addition, 2,4-di- O-substituted Rha p, non-reducing terminal Gal p, and (1→6)-linked Gal p as the major glycosidic linkages. GL-PIV also contained mainly (1→4)-linked GalA, non-reducing terminal Gal p, and (1→6)-linked Gal p, whereas GL-PIII contained mainly non-reducing terminal GalA, and 3,4-di- O- and 2,4-di- O-substituted GalA, in addition to (1→4)-linked GalA and (1→2)-linked Rha p. The results of base-catalysed β-elimination indicated that these four polysaccharides have a rhamnogalacturonan backbone consisting of 4-linked GalA and 2-linked Rha p. Some 6-linked Gal p was attached to GalA or GlcA.

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