Abstract
Mortar samples were collected on ancient masonry of the Roman period in archaeological sites of the Latial and Campanian regions (Italy). In order to verify the presence of pozzolan, samples were taken particularly from hydraulic structures, such as aqueducts, water reservoirs and baths. The characterisation of the ancient mortars was performed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ion chromatography (IC). Observations in thin sections and XRD data permit the identification of typical tracers of the pozzolan, such as glassy, vacuolar grains, leucite crystals, alongwith nefeline, analcime, pyroxenes (augite and diopside). IC data show the presence of sulphate, nitrate, chloride and organic anions in different concentrations in the samples collected from urban sites compared with suburban, rural and marine sites. The obtained data permit a complete characterisation of the mortars composition and their state of conservation.
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