Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the apolar and polar properties of liquid water and other condensed-phase materials. The surface tension of water as well as of other polar liquids, designated as γ , has an apolar plus a polar part. The first, apolar part is composed of van der Waals interactions and grouped together as one macroscopic-scale van der Waals energy, and which are henceforth alluded to as Lifshitz–van der Waals (LW) energies. In surface tension symbolism these are designated as γ LW . Completely non-polar liquids (such as alkanes) as well as non-polar solids (e.g., Teflon, polyethylene, polypropylene) have only the LW surface tension component. The surface tensions of polar liquids (such as water) and other condensed-phase materials all consist of a non-polar surface tension component ( γ LW ) plus a polar surface tension component, designated as γ AB . γ LW has only one (apolar) surface property, linked to the material's Hamaker constant, which in turn is linked to the material's dielectric constant. γ AB on the other hand comprises both the polar Lewis acid and the polar Lewis base surface properties of the material. Such other properties are discussed in the chapter.
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