Abstract
Only a few of the aromata used in ancient Israel were actually produced on Israelite soil. The importance of the Egyptian and Syro-Mesopotamian material on incense for understanding the use of incense in Israel lies first of all in the fact that it is able to give us a glimpse of the ideas behind its use. The presence of incense burners in Israelite layers may be due to Canaanites, and the presence of the burners in Canaanite layers may be due to Israelites, depending on the theory one adhere to concerning the origin of Israel. The problems that face us when dealing with other terms for incense are both linguistic and botanical in nature. Terms for aromata are often rendered inconsistently in the ancient versions. The long list of aromata testifies to the sophisticated use of aromata and incense materials in ancient Israel.Keywords: ancient Israel; aromata; Canaanite layers; Syro-Mesopotamian material
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