Abstract
This chapter addresses the following questions: How is the situation in educational institutions affected by demographic change? How are demographic developments and their consequences discussed in Japanese educational policies, and how do educational policies respond to questions of demographic change? Each of these questions will be analysed with the aim of investigating the challenges and opportunities of demographic change for schooling and educational policies in Japan. A brief literature review deals with the question of whether demographic change is perceived to be an obvious factor affecting Japanese educational policy. The actual influence of the declining birth rate on the reality in schools is investigated. The chapter analyses policies of the Ministry of Education addressing the challenges of a declining birth rate for society in general and for education and education policies in particular. Finally, the chapter summarizes the overall effects of demographics on education and discussions evolving around educational policy. Keywords: declining birth rate; demographic change; Japanese educational policy
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