Abstract
Fundamental metabolic processes dictate immune cell fate such as their survival, differentiation, and effector functions. T cells remodel metabolism to adapt not only to their local environment but also as a consequence of disease status of the host. The molecular mechanisms that coordinately regulate immune cell metabolic machinery under physiological and disease conditions are being interrogated. This knowledge will guide manipulation of T cell metabolic pathways to improve vaccine efficacy and to treat chronic inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive T cell activation. CD4 and CD8 T cells have complementary roles in the adaptive immune defense against pathogens. In this chapter, we describe shared and unique mechanisms related to glucose metabolism in CD4 and CD8 T cells, with a focus on metabolic reprogramming during activation and differentiation and in the settings of autoimmune and noncommunicable diseases and in viral infections. We also discuss how immunometabolic drugs may be harnessed as host-directed therapies to treat these conditions.
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