Abstract
In this chapter a discussion is provided of the various risk identification and evaluation methodologies that are being used in the process industries today, both qualitative and quantitative reviews. These include PHAs, HAZOP, CHA, fishbone, LOPA, SVA, and several types of QRAs. Additionally, other specialized supplemental studies are described, which typically cover leak estimations, depressurization and blowdown capabilities, combustible vapor dispersion, explosion overpressure, survivability of safety systems, firewater reliability, emergency evacuation modeling, fatality accident rates, human reliability analysis, cost–benefit analysis, computer hazard and operability study, and electrical hazard and operability study. Specialized studies for offshore facilities are also included. An examination of risk acceptance criteria is also included, which includes the “as low as reasonably practical principle.” Finally, a discussion on relevant and accurate data sources for any risk evaluation is included.
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