Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most economical and highly renewable natural resource in the world. The development of renewable energy converted from lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative for fossil fuel is ultimately essential for the survival of the human race. In this chapter, compositions and structure of lignocellulosic biomass are firstly introduced. Then, the saccharification or hydrolysis, which is one of the important processes used to produce liquid fuels such as cellulosic ethanol by transferring the cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass into sugar monomer units, is introduced. At the same time, the importance of pretreatment as a prior and prerequisite operation for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass, and a variety of physical and chemical pretreatment methods and their combinations are described. Finally, a novel pretreatment method and saccharification of rice straw using solid acid catalysts are introduced.
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