Abstract
This chapter deals with malleable irons, whichare cast white, that is, their as-cast structure consists of metastable carbide in a pearlitic matrix. The castings must then be annealed to convert the brittle carbide structure and develop a structure of roughly spherical graphite aggregates in a matrix that can be either ferritic or pearlitic, depending on composition and heat treatment. There are two types of malleable iron, blackheart and whiteheart. Malleable iron was widely used for automotive and agricultural components, pipe fittings, and valves; but since the development of spheroidal graphite ductile iron, its use has declined due to the high cost of annealing treatment, which requires expensive furnace equipment. Malleable iron is still widely used for small pipe fittings, electrical fittings, and builders hardware, particularly for thin section castings and castings that are subsequently galvanized.
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