Abstract

This chapter explains all separation and purification techniques to recover important products from fermentation broth. Fermentation broth is a complex, aqueous mixtures of cells, comprises soluble extracellular and intracellular products and unconverted substrate or unconverted components. Recovery, separation, purification, and extraction of products are important in bioprocess engineering. The following processes are involved in downstream processes: centrifugation, chromatography, cooling, crystallization, dialysis, distillation, drying, evaporation, filtration, heating, humidification, membrane separation, milling, mixing, precipitation, centrifugation, solid handling, and solvent extraction. A particular sequence of unit operations is used for the manufacture of an extra pure pharmaceutical product. Solvent extraction is popular for recovery of fermentation products downstream. Antibiotics are dissolved in an organic solvent, which may be precipitated by converting antibiotic to salt and separated from organic solvents. Chromatography is another powerful separation process. The basis of chromatography is differential migration and the selective retardation of solute molecules during passage through the bed of resin particles.

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