Chapter 62 - Primary Tumors of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Abstract

This chapter presents a discussion on primary tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system.. From a clinical point of view, the common criteria for malignancy, local infiltration and metastasis, do not adequately reflect the impact of brain tumors on affected patients. Even the most malignant brain tumor rarely metastasizes outside the central nervous system (CNS). On the other hand, a tumor with benign pathological characteristics may cause significant morbidity and may be lethal when causing obstructive hydrocephalus or interfering with the function of vital cerebral structures. The clinical presentation of brain tumors depends on the type and location of the tumor. Appropriate neuroimaging is mandatory once the tentative diagnosis of a probable brain tumor has been made. The major available imaging modalities are computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography. CT reveals the presence of a tumor by abnormal density values or displacement and distortion of adjacent structures. MRI is now the preferred diagnostic and monitoring imaging modality for patients with brain or spinal tumors. Among several advantage of MRI scans, one advantage is the lack of exposure to radiation. The chapter discusses several types of tumors including tumors of neuroepithelial tissue, tumors of the meninges, tumors of the meninges, tumors of the sellar region, and other tumors.