Abstract
During the last years, the knowledge of the factors that are involved in the aetiology of childhood anxiety disorders has increased considerably. Several investigations have found evidence showing that children's temperamental vulnerability interacts with negative environmental influences. Apart from identifying a large number of vulnerability factors, protective influences that might play a role in the pathogenesis of anxiety problems in youths have also been established. This chapter discusses the genetic-based vulnerability, environmental influences, and maintaining factors. It focuses on a comprehensive model for the aetiology of phobias and anxiety disorders in youths including multiple factors that operate in dynamic interaction. Previous models are specified that have made an attempt to conceptualize the aetiology of childhood phobias and anxiety disorders. In addition, the developmental psychopathology perspective is discussed because provides an optimal grounding for a development-sensitive and more dynamic multifactorial model of childhood anxiety disorders.
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