Abstract
Renewable power generation technologies are generally more benign than fossil fuel power plants but they too have their environmental impact. A hydropower plant can cause major disruption in the region where it is built, especially if it involves the inundation of an area to form a reservoir. Biomass power plants require a source of natural combustion fuel and the raising of this may displace food crops. Wind and solar plants take up large areas. Generation from intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar requires backup capacity to meet demand when the intermittent energy source is not available. Renewable energy sources often reduce grid inertia too, making the grid more vulnerable to faults that threaten its stability. Stability can be improved with energy storage capacity.
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