Abstract
Multiphase flow processes are one of the greatest sources of uncertainty for geological carbon storage, surpassed probably only by heterogeneity in the physical properties of the rock formations targeted for storage. The primary purpose of this chapter is to review multiphase flow processes specific to deep saline formation CO2 storage, including flow of supercritical CO2, dissolution of CO2 into formation brine, and relative permeability. The relative importance of multiphase flow processes to geological CO2 storage was evaluated through a review of previous and ongoing deep saline tests at the pilot scale, demonstration scale, and commercial scale. Uncertainty in multiphase flow is typically attributed to limitations in spatial and temporal resolution of field observations, but some components of uncertainty stem from limitations of numerical models used for quantitative analysis of geological carbon storage.
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