Abstract
Historically the field of dentofacial biology, despite some pseudoscientific gambits into physiognomy, has progressed at many levels of inquiry. This progression, driven by advancements in basic science and social trends, continues into tissue engineering and stem cell therapy. This new imperative demands that the traditional art of wire bending surrenders some equity to osteology and tissue level science. Despite the challenge, the orthodontist is fully capable of taking on the new challenges which this chapter chronicles. Biological concepts of stem cell therapy are reviewed and synthesized with traditional clinical concepts. A therapeutic bone wound can set the stage for the alteration of genetic expression that changes the size and form of the alveolus bone. So this review focuses on an “engineered optimal response,” rather than “applied optimal force.” Since the former depends upon a deep understanding of the latter, principles of mechanobiology must be embraced when engineering new tissue. Literature in basic science and clinical documentation focuses on demonstrable changes and discussion of ethical imperatives combined to provide a sufficient conceptual basis for further study.
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