Abstract
Despite the fact that boron has three electrons in its outer shell and that a trigonal planar bonding pattern is common in molecules such as BF3, the simplest hydride of boron that is normally encountered is not BH3. On the contrary, under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, not only is the smallest boron hydride a dimer, but also two distinct diboron hydride molecules are encountered. A scrutiny of the seminal report on the boranes reveals that the equivalence traditionally presented between the solid geometrical and the topological pictures of these compounds is incomplete. Because of this mathematical disparity, an alternate geometrical description of the bonding in the boron hydrides is introduced in this chapter. The chapter also presents a new interpretation for the boron bridge. This results in the need for a concomitant development of nomenclature to more accurately describe this type of bonding. Meanwhile, awaiting the reaction of the chemistry community to such structures, canonical names in both the lUPAC and the proposed system are supplied for this set of compounds. In this context, a corresponding description and nomenclature for related aluminum compounds is presented in the chapter.
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