Abstract
The analysis of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) is a critical step in evaluating the number, amount, type, and specifications of these contaminations. The analysis techniques help in the assessment of MPs and NPs presence in the environment and evaluation of their removal performance by treatment processes. This task is challenging because the standard analytical methods are not systematically developed. Therefore it is important to study the advantages and limitations of different analysis techniques for MPs and NPs. In this chapter the qualitative and quantitative techniques for the analysis of MPs and NPs are discussed. The quantitative analysis techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, chromatography, total organic carbon analysis, chemical oxygen demand analysis, weight measurement, stereo and electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, and nanoparticle tracking analysis, are reviewed. These techniques can determine or estimate the number or amount of MPs and NPs. In addition, different qualitative analysis techniques such as stereo microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy are studied. These techniques could help in the determination of the chemical structure, shape, or morphology of the MPs and NPs.
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