Abstract
NLRP6 (NACHT, LRR (leucine-rich repeat), and PYD (pyrin domain) domain-containing 6) is a member of the NLR (nucleotide-oligomerization domain-like receptor) family of proteins that acts as a cytosolic innate immune sensor to recognize microbial components and molecules released by dying or damaged cells. Under certain physiological conditions, NLRP6 forms a complex with the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and the inflammatory caspase-1 or caspase-11, known as the inflammasome. The inflammasome complex cleaves pro-interleukin-18 (IL-18) and pro-interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into their active forms. NLRP6 inflammasome plays multiple functions, including host defense against microbial infection and maintaining epithelial integrity. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the activation and regulation of NLRP6 and its relevance to human diseases.
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