Abstract

The thyroid gland, one of the largest endocrine glands in the body, is responsible for a long list of biological functions, including regulation of metabolism, development, cardiovascular output, even sexual function and sleep. This chapter provides an overview of the thyroid by first describing the relevant anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. Second, the clinical states of excessive and deficient thyroid hormone production, along with special considerations for the pregnant state and thyroid cancer, are described. Finally, laboratory methods used to assess thyroid function are detailed, including points to consider regarding their overall performance and utility.

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