Abstract

One of the main themes running through this book is that trafficking of human beings is a human rights issue. This chapter focuses on the obligations and accountability of non-State actors. It begins by highlighting some human rights issues relevant to the causes, processes, and consequences of trafficking, such as poverty, discrimination, inhuman or degrading treatment, forced labour, and law enforcement practices. The chapter then examines the obligations and accountability of non-State actors, such as organised criminal groups, under human rights law. The Special Rapporteur on Sales of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography argues that international human rights law has long imposed direct obligations on the private sector. The chapter also outlines several important implications for the legal system if trafficking of human beings is accepted as a crime against humanity.Keywords: civil proceedings; crime against humanity; degrading treatment; human rights abuse; human trafficking; International Criminal Court; human rights law; non-State actors; organised criminal groups

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