Abstract

Proteins perform diverse functions in the body as structural building blocks for cells and tissues and as catalysts for vital chemical reactions in many metabolic pathways. Protein functions depend on their unique three-dimensional structures, determined by different arrangements of 20 amino acids. This chapter defines the four hierarchical structures of proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Different types of cellular protein quality control systems to maintain structural integrity and proper functions of proteins are explained in the chapter. Also, various human diseases caused by dysfunctional protein quality control systems are discussed.

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