Abstract
Biorefinery development will contribute to production of fuels and chemicals in a more sustainable way. Sugarcane biorefineries are in further development in Brazil, where ethanol has been produced and used as a fuel since the 1970s. In this chapter, we review the development of the ethanol industry in Brazil, and summarize the main technologies involved in the production of ethanol and the main coproducts obtained in the process. Finally, we present and discuss research on new technologies for further development of this industry under a biorefinery concept, highlighting the recent advances on yeast improvement, and on new processes and products.
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