Abstract
Inflammatory states are associated with a change in glucose metabolism, the so-called metabolic switch, which consists of inhibition of glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis. These changes in metabolism lead to insulin resistance. The insulin-resistant state serves the useful purpose of sparing protein and prevent protein losses from muscle which is beneficial during starvation, disease, trauma, and unhealthy life style. Insulin resistance also plays a beneficial role during pregnancy, fetal life, lactation, and puberty. Insulin resistance is an adaptive mechanism which has been well conserved during evolution and which helps the organism to survive under the conditions mentioned under the previous bullets by sparing muscle protein mass.
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