Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) encompasses an extensive variety of nutritional constituents such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), phenolic acids, and vitamins, which are vital components in plant metabolism as well as essential for humans. On account of their interaction with certain components (antinutritional factors) and less concentration in the endosperm, the bioavailability of these nutritional factors is low. Biofortification is a very sustainable improvement that can enhance the bioavailability of necessary nutritional factors. Considerable advancement has been made to enhance nutritional quality by the employment of conventional, transgenic, and technological approaches. Large variations have been identified in Fe and Zn content in wheat germplasm, which is the important source of improving micronutrient content in high yielding backgrounds. Enhanced genetic variability in different nutritional quality traits in high yielding backgrounds using EMS mutagenesis was generated. Around 800 mutant lines in the background of PBW 502 were advanced into F8 0r F9 generations and evaluated for phytase and phytic acid levels during four consecutive years (2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2017–18). Low phytic acid and high phytase level mutants with twofold variations in Fe and Zn content have been developed. This is the first report of evaluating large germplasm of wheat for both phytase and phytic acid levels and also the development of high phytase and low phytic acid lines through mutation breeding. Development of micronutrient-rich wheat grains using biofortification tools can substantially reduce micronutrient deficiencies.
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