Abstract
One of the most important sections in the liquefied natural gas supply chain is the energy consumption in natural gas liquefaction utilizing the energy-intensive refrigeration cycles. Therefore, selection and development of efficient refrigeration cycles to liquefy natural gas offer potential energy savings and cost benefits. The cycle selection can best be evaluated by energy and exergy analyses. In this chapter, theoretical and practical aspects of energy and exergy analyses that are most relevant to refrigeration and natural gas liquefaction cycles are described. The first section reviews fundamental principles of refrigeration and liquefaction cycles. The second section summarizes the category of various refrigerants and cryogenic fluids. The third section reviews relevant theories of energy and exergy modeling and analysis. The last section provides the case analysis of some natural gas liquefaction cycles using the methods and theories introduced in the previous sections.
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