Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a general diagnostic algorithm for transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke patients, and provides illustrations of the way this process can be tailored in selected cases in order to provide timely information for making therapeutic decisions. The major consideration is whether a TIA or stroke has occurred. The chapter examines whether the focal neurological deficit is of a vascular or nonvascular origin and examines the mechanism of cerebral ischemia. The preventive measures are similar, although attention to addressing rehabilitation needs and treatment of poststroke depression needs to be consolidated for the stroke patients. After clinical assessment confirms TIA or persistent stroke symptoms, a noncontrast brain computed tomography (CT) scan is usually the procedure of choice because of short scanning times, wide availability at most emergency centers, and rapid visualization of conditions that contraindicate administration of thrombolytic therapy. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive in visualizing the location and extent of acute cerebral ischemia with diffusion-weighted images. The posterior fossa is better visualized with this technology compared with CT.
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