Abstract
The microbiota comprises of the bacteria, archea, viruses, protozoa, and fungi and a diverse profile of this microbiota is found on all host surfaces that are in direct contact with the outside environment. The overall microbiome plays a primary role in the maturation, function, and regulation of the host immune system from birth to old age, which may contribute to the physiology of the host through a symbiotic relationship. Health status and aging affect several biological indices that could potentially be considered as indicators of human being health status. Gut microbial diversity is a promising indictor of health status that correlates with internal and external effect on the body. Both Structure and diversity of the gut microbiota actively contribute in the aging process. Microbial dysbiosis related with age is involved in reshaping immune responses during aging process, which manifest as immunosenescence and inflammaging that accompany many age-associated health conditions. Modulation of gut microbiota can be a potential target for aging-related interventions. The present chapter summarizes the evidences related to the microbiome composition and its development in healthy adults and age-associated changes in microbiota and factors affecting gut microbiome, mechanisms involved in this bidirectional relationship of gut dybiosis and aging.
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