CHAPTER 3 - The General Certificate of Education

Abstract

This chapter describes the concept of general certificate of education (G.C.E.) in England and Wales. G.C.E. can be taken at two levels—Ordinary (“O”) and Advanced (“A”). Special (“S”) papers can also be taken, in connection with University entrance, at the same time as “A” level. There is no upper age limit. The normal age at which “O” level is taken is 16, but younger candidates can be submitted on a head teacher's recommendation. “A” level is usually taken at about 18 years of age. To pass, candidates must obtain a mark of at least 45 percent. There is a distinction mark at “A” but not at “O” level. About 58 percent of “O” level candidates, and about 70 percent of “A” level candidates pass the examination. The G.C.E. is awarded in each subject and not in a group of subjects. There is no requirement that a minimum number of subjects must be taken. Forty or more subjects are offered by most Boards. There are nine examining boards, all of equal standing. The G.C.E. can be taken in all types of secondary and independent schools, and in technical colleges. External candidates, studying on their own, and candidates from overseas can also take it. Candidates still at school are entered by their head teachers. Those taking the examination privately make their own arrangements with one of the Boards. The “O,” “A,” and “S” level examinations take place in the summer. All the Boards arrange a second examination in the autumn for “O” level candidates, but only one of them has an autumn “A” level examination. Performance in the G.C.E. is the basis of entry to most professions and to the universities.