Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes are among the most serious plant pathogens for several crops, including vegetables, soybeans, sugar beets, corn, and potatoes. Root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) cyst (Heterodera spp.), and root-lesion (Pratylenchus spp.) nematodes are among the most destructive plant parasitic nematodes. Through direct and indirect damage, various plant parasitic nematodes cause decreased yields and crop quality, as well as increased production costs and, therefore, income loss. Plant nematode infections can cause up to 60% yield loss. Historically, fumigation has been the main option for the management of plant nematodes. Research has recently taken a new turn due to the development of safer non-fumigant nematicides, resistant cultivars, soil amendments, and biological approaches. Today, optimal crop rotation systems, cover crops, compost/manure soil amendments, biocontrol agents, and novel nematicides are promising measures for plant parasitic nematode management.
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