Abstract

Publisher Summary Imaging is becoming an important tool in the area of biological science and there are several benefits: (1) the higher-sensitivity imaging detectors enable to see very-low-light objects that are otherwise too dark to see. (2) The spectral sensitivity of the human eye is limited to the range of 400 to 700 nm. The spectrum sensitivity range of imaging detectors is broader; from the range of x-ray to infrared. (3) Images can be analyzed using image processors to characterize the objects. (4) Images can be stored into VCR, OMDR, and computers for future reference and further analysis. (5) Images can be modified using image processors and these processed images generate new information that cannot be obtained with the human eye. To respond to the requirements of biological science researchers, a variety of imaging detectors are available. A charge coupled device (CCD) camera is the most popular imaging detector for high-light applications. For low-light applications there are two types of CCD cameras available: (1) one is the intensified CCD (ICCD) camera that uses an image intensifier. (2) The second intensifies low-light images and the intensified image is projected onto a CCD camera through relay optics such as a relay lens or fiber plate..

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