Abstract
Fruit by-products are generated by the food industries and constitute an important environmental problem. Although these fruit residues are frequently treated as industrial waste and used mainly for animal feed, they can be good sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Among them, dietary fibers and phenolics are bioactive compounds that can stimulate the growth and activity (including the production of B vitamins) of beneficial microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria and other probiotics. Bioactive compounds have also been explored to improve the nutritional and functional properties of food products. Thus, these compounds from fruit by-products emerge as potential prebiotic ingredients. In addition to the influence on beneficial microorganisms, bioactive compounds from fruit by-products may act as natural antioxidants with an important role in preventing human health, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, from inflammatory conditions. This chapter discusses how fruit by-products can be used as prebiotics to stimulate the production of bioactive compounds by lactic acid bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract or as ingredients to promote health benefits caused by bacterial fermentation.
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