Abstract
Rice is by far the most prevalent basic meal in Asian nations, therefore rice crops create a great amount of rice crop and straw waste in the fields. Unsustainably wide crop burning in the field and high rice straw utilization do not just compromise the climate by emitting massive volumes of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), but also impede producers of a crucial income. Rice straw is a globally significant source of cellulose-rich biomass thus can be utilized to make bioethanol, providing additional revenue and long-term use. Among several other characteristics, it has a high lignocellulosic biomass concentration that may be quickly converted into simple sugars. However, there are various difficulties and restrictions in the rice straw to ethanol conversion process. Some of the key problems in advancing products for the production of bioethanol using rice straw are the variety of suitable pretreatment techniques. The adequacy of preprocessing techniques is crucial for enhancing enzymatic saccharification performance and keeping the overall process commercially feasible. Furthermore, some final remarks on current projects and research developments in the production of fuel ethanol are explored, notably in terms of source pretreatment as well as biological conversions.
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