Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that binds dynamically to microtubules, dependent on the protein's phosphorylation state. In disease-affected neurons, hyperphosphorylation causes the accumulation of tau protein into aggregates. Neurodegenerative diseases with prominent tau pathology are collectively known as tauopathies. The most common of these and the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease, in which tau is associated with amyloid-beta (the other hallmark in this disease) and α-synuclein. Tau has also been associated with α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and with other proteins found in the brain such as prion protein, DJ-1, and filamin. Since the evidence of protein accumulations is usually determined from postmortem brains, many models have been created to study the possible interactions of these proteins. Cellular and animal models expressing tau in combination with other pathological proteins have assisted in gaining insight into these relationships.
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