Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of cerebellum. Cerebellum is a little brain only in respect to its volume. The surface area and cellular content of its cortex are little inferior to those of the cerebrum. The cerebellum was developed in primitive fish for the processing of information derived from the lateral line receptors and their specialized development in the vestibules of the inner ear. The early phylogenetic development of the supravestibular grey matter into a cerebellum is associated with integration of vestibular and spinal cord afferent impulses required for posture. The long loop reflexes through the intermediate cerebellum and/or cerebral cortex may be supposed to provide a brake for flexion responses in a similar manner to the vermisfastigial loops for extension responses.
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