Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the applications of cryogenic materials. Cryogenic materials are being used in a wide variety of fields such as space technology, high energy particle accelerator, fusion reactor development, cryocoolers, and gas industry. The microstructures and properties of cryogenic structural materials have been discussed in this chapter. Among the cryogenic structural materials, metallic base materials take on a predominant role. The chemical composition and the mechanical properties of different alloys at low temperatures as well as their advantages and disadvantages are compared with each other. Composites and ceramic materials are the prospective structural materials for cryogenic application and their microstructures and properties as well as potential applications at cryogenic temperatures are also discussed. However, how to decrease the grain size and increase the strength without change of the composition is the aim of metallic scientists. So, the developments of metal materials in the future are for purification, homogenization, and grain-refinement. Composites and ceramics will be prospective structural materials for cryogenic applications in the future. Anyhow, the cryogenic structure materials have to continue into a higher level.
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