Abstract
Real-time monitoring of biochemical reactions, biomolecular and microbial changes in land, water, food, and the environmental system had faced profound advances with the research and developments in nanotechnology and biosensing technology. Nano-biosensors comprising of a biological molecule capable of recognizing analyte/target molecules upon coupling with the receptor molecule and a transducer transforming the recognizing event into readable signals quantifying the analyte molecules. The evolution of large surface area nanoparticles and their combination with biosensors had thrived to understand complex and dynamic biochemical reactions with application in environmental and agricultural systems. These applications include sensing soil health, plant and soil pathogens, plant hormones and metabolites, pesticide, fungicide, fertilizer compounds, and heavy metal ions, etc. The present chapter gives an overview of the principle of nano-biosensors, their classification, and their different application in sustainable environments and agriculture. The chapter also discusses the recent research and development in the field of nano-biosensors in real-time monitoring and detections of analytes with accuracy and reliability.
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