Abstract
Mucoadhesion is a complex process that is mainly provided by the polymers. It involves wetting, adsorption, and interpenetration of polymer chains among other processes. Mucoadhesive bonding with mucosal surfaces mainly depends on the degree of crosslinking, chain length, and the presence of various functional groups on the polymer backbone. Mucosal targeting and controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) draw attention toward innovative mucoadhesive drug delivery systems for prolonged pharmacological activity. In order to generate appropriate delivery systems, a range of in-vitro and in-vivo mucoadhesion test setups were developed as predictive tools. Mucoadhesive delivery systems cover a wide range of applications throughout most routes of administration for either local or systemic drug delivery. Mucosal drug delivery evolved with the progress in developing mucoadhesive polymers from the first generation charged hydrophilic polymers to more specific second-generation systems, based on lectins, thiols and many other functional groups. Among them, thiolated polymers (thiomers) are most accepted due to their strong adherence and continuous development to second and third generation, providing new opportunities for designing innovative controlled release systems.
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