Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium with the ability to invade and replicate within nonphagocytic cells and spread directly from an infected cell to another cell using actin-based motility. This allows L. monocytogenes not only to colonize the intestinal epithelium, but also to reach the distant organs in immunocompromised patients, the placenta in pregnant women, and the nerves in susceptible individuals. This chapter reviews the diversity, virulence factors, invasive capacity, and stress responses of L. monocytogenes that underline the mechanisms of its invasion, survival, and multiplication in eukaryotic host cells and subsequent spread to neighboring cells. A thorough understanding of L. monocytogenes interactions with eukaryotic host cells during its invasion, intracellular growth, and cell-to-cell spread is critical to the development of innovative strategies for its treatment and control. In addition, further examination of L. monocytogenes stress adaptation in food matrices is necessary for the future implementation of effective measures for its prevention.
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