Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of packet data networks based on the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). The ideas of packet switching were picked up by the Defense Department Special Projects Agency (DARPA), when researchers realized that another benefit of the technology was survivability. The network layer component of TCP/IP is the Internet Protocol (IP). This protocol forms the backbone of the Internet. The TCP/IP suite defines two transport layers—a connectionless and unreliable transport protocol known as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and a connection-based/reliable protocol (Transmission Control Protocol or TCP). Domain Name Look-up protocol (DNS) is an important protocol in any IP application because it provides a means to map (or resolve) a service or a device name referred to as a fully qualified domain name (FDQN) to an actual IP address and vice-versa. File Transport Protocol (FTP) is based on TCP and thus runs over a reliable transport layer. It is a request/response protocol with control messages (for example, messages that are sent by the client and server to set up, start, or stop.) defined in the protocol; all are passed in ASCII (that is, human-readable, text-character) format.
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