Abstract
This chapter focuses on emerging trends of metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) in diverse applications constituting photovoltaic, solar cells, antimicrobial agents, supercapacitors, sensors, and many more. Role of crystal structure, surface morphologies, versatilities of metal ion vacancies with varied electronic, optical, and chemical properties, and functionalization in amending specific properties is analyzed. Phase transitions, shifts in magnetic states, shapes of MOS with various trends of temperature, pressure, and synthesis route chosen make it imperative to understand the synthesis techniques of MOS in detail. This is because the geometry, structure, shape, electronic, optical, and spectroscopic properties of MOS strongly affect the device characteristics. Special emphasis is given to MOS chemresistors while discussing the various charge transfer phenomena involved between reducing/oxidizing/stable gas with p-type, n-type, and p-n junction of composite MOS chemresistors. Requirement of functionalization of MOS to amend their selectivity and sensing responses under ambient conditions with instances from experiments performed are also reviewed in the present chapter.
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