Chapter 2 - Nanoengineering/technology for tissue engineering and organ printing

Abstract

In this modern era, tissue engineering is an extremely rapid emergent area in the scientific field. The damaged organs, cells, or tissues can be replaced or repaired using biocompatible and bioactive materials similar to the body's native cells or tissues. Conventionally, the renovation of bony defects has utilized the bone grafts, and all the drawbacks of these grafts were overcome by utilizing nanotechnology by developing biomaterials. In nanotechnology, various biomaterials such as nanotubes, nanofibers, nanodevices, and nanoparticles are utilized due to their mimicking ability of native organs or tissues engineering. Largely composed of nanometer-scale proteins readily interact with these nanomaterials and produce favorable cell or tissue growth. Likely, three-dimensional (3D) organ printing is a significant part of ongoing development in tissue designing and regenerative medication. 3D organ printing intends to make 3D living organ analogs and develop alongside progress in 3D printing strategies. Different scopes of computer helped 3D printing strategies have been applied to arrange living cells and biomaterials and support biochemical elements inside preplanned 3D organ analogs. From these tissue engineering techniques, current therapies for tissue regeneration got revolutionized, and the life qualities of patients are increased. This chapter describes the recent developments, current research, how they are changing or simplifying tissue transportation, and future directions of these two potential fields’ nanotechnology and organ 3D printing for tissue engineering.