Abstract
This chapter emphasizes recent biochemical advancements in alkaloid biosynthesis and on the biological aspects of nicotine biosynthesis. Nicotine is the principal alkaloid, usually accounting for greater than 90% of the alkaloid fraction, in commercial tobacco. Nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine are the other predominant alkaloids in tobacco, but seldom do they individually accumulate to more than 5% of the total alkaloid fraction. Genes at two nonlinked loci, Nicl, and Nic2, primarily control total alkaloid content of commercial tobacco. The Nic genes are expressed mainly in the plant roots and the result of the expression is mainly measured as leaf alkaloid content. The biology of alkaloid biosynthesis is likely to evaluate alkaloid biosynthesis in transformed root tissues and plant growth regulator effects on alkaloid biosynthesis. Nicotine synthase catalyzes the last step in nicotine biosynthesis, the decarboxylation, and condensation.
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