Abstract
Air transport industry has been under constant evolution and transformation since its inception in the beginning of the 20th century. Its present configuration is the result of a set of heterogeneous forces: technological, political, regulatory and geographical. In this chapter, we introduce forces that influence the airline's route network: antecedents of route density, the technological limitations that influence fleet selection, and the regulatory constraints that affect international air travel. We use that framework to explain the evolution of air transport and to introduce airline business models that influence airline's route networks.
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