Abstract
Fungal diseases are an important global health problem, having an effect on both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Fungal disease in human has a global impact. Disorders like asthma, AIDS, cancer, invasive surgical procedures, and corticosteroid therapies lead to chronic fungal infections. Accurate and preliminary diagnosis can treat antifungal infections properly, but delayed treatment may lead to severe illness leading to blindness or death. Currently, there are more than 3 million cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, more than 0.2 million cases of cryptococcal meningitis, 0.7 million cases of invasive candidiasis, 0.5 million cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and more than 0.2 million cases of invasive aspergillosis. Globally, apart from this, yearly more than 0.1 million cases of disseminated histoplasmosis and more than 10 million cases of fungal asthma are reported. Mainly antifungals are divided into three categories based on their site of action; azole that inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol (the main fungal sterol), polyene that interacts with fungal membrane sterols physicochemically, and 5-fluorocytosine that inhibits the macromolecular synthesis. This chapter provides a brief overview of the mode of action of antifungal agents for the recent development of fungal diseases.
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