Abstract
The traditional use of plants in ethnomedicine has led to the discovery of endophytes, many of which (endophytes) have significantly contributed to the pharmaceutical industry. Fungal endophytes are classified based on their diversity and function, modes of transmission and reproduction, source of nutrition, expression of infection, and the part of the host plant they (endophyte) primarily reside. The presence of endophytic fungi in plants drives the presence of secondary metabolites that are categorized in four primary groups: polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, hybrid polyketides-nonribosomal peptides (hybrid PK-NRPs), and indole alkaloids and terpenes. The most widely known fungal secondary metabolite is the antibacterial agent, penicillin. The application of fungal metabolites provides an opportunity to increase crop yield, protect plants from the effects of climate change, and provide a more sustainable approach to the production of pharmacologically active ingredients.
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