Abstract
The World Health Organization has defined probiotics as “Live microorganisms, which, when administrated in adequate amount, confers a health benefit to the host.” It becomes famous among consumers worldwide as natural modality to prevent gastrointestinal diseases. Initially, probiotics have been used for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. But recently the role of probiotics has been assessed against naturally established microbiome imbalance in the human body, such as in the urogenital tract, respiratory tract, skin, and oral cavity. In oral cavity, probiotics can effectively prevent and treat certain infectious diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral malodor (halitosis). According to clinical observations, it can also reduce the progression of dental caries and growth of culprit pathogens. Studies indicate the regular use of probiotics minimizes the risk of periodontal diseases by hindering the growth of harmful bacteria and enriching beneficial microbes in the oral cavity. The capacity of competing for the adhesion and colonization on oral surfaces, producing bactericidal compounds, and buffering salivary pH, are the possible mechanisms that make probiotics potential alternative agents, or adjunct to the existing treatment approach, for oral diseases.
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